From the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861 to Antietam in September 1862 to the cataclysm at Gettysburg in July 1863, the Civil War witnessed some of the most savage fighting that had ever taken place in North America. Overshadowed by such history-changing battles, the Union and Confederate governments also made extensive use of spies and irregular forces in their attempts to achieve victory. This class examines the respective spy activities and application of irregular forces by the North and South, highlighting their impact upon the American Civil War and their contribution to the development of modern warfare.